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Do you have the right materials or not? When you really need to know, it's time to get down to the building blocks of matter itself.

Deep down, everything in this world comes down to chemistry.  Your materials testing needs shouldn’t be any different.  The newest technology is at your disposal when working with CTLGroup for your chemical needs.  CTLGroup chemical testing handles nearly 200 standard tests, along with limitless potential in customized testing.  With many of the industry standard tests having been developed by CTLGroup staff, our people are the greatest resource of all.  Turn to us when the standards fail your individual needs.  We’ve been leaders in chemical testing throughout our existence, and the combination of elite technology along with expert chemists provides the results you need with quality you can rely on.

Lab Tests

Title Brief Description
AASHTO M 157 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete (Chemical Limitations for Mixing Water)

To assess corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitability for use as concrete mix water.

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AASHTO M 85 Chemical (Oxide) Analysis by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

Chemical analysis is required for comparison with specification limits for many materials. Chemical composition helps identify materials and is useful in analyzing distressed samples. XRF is qualified as an AASHTO T 105 / ASTM C 114 rapid method for portland cement.

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AASHTO T 105 Water Soluble Alkali Content

Testing to meet alkali specification limits; investigations about exposure to various waters or solutions; alkali-aggregate reactivity.

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AASHTO T 26 Chloride Ion in Water

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Chloride content is needed for evaluation of use as a mix waster and for the determination of corrosion potetential.

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AASHTO T 26 Quality of Water to be used in Concrete

To assess corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitability for use as concrete mix water.

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AASHTO T 26 Quality of Water to be Used in Concrete (Solids)

To assess corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitability for use as concrete mix water.

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AASHTO T 260 - Acid Soluble Chloride

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample.

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AASHTO T 260 Water-Soluble Chloride

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample.

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AASHTO T 290 Water Soluble Sulfate Content in Soil

Sulfate environments are aggressive toward some concretes.

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AASHTO T 291 Water Soluble Chloride Content in Soil (Method A extraction, analysis by ion specific electrode)

Chloride limits are intended to minimize corrosion.

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AASHTO T 291 Water Soluble Chloride Content in Soil (Method B extraction, analysis by ion specific electrode)

Chloride limits are intended to minimize corrosion.

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Acid Soluble Trace Heavy Metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

For evaluation of trace elements, especially environmentally regulated elements.

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Admixture Retarder Organic

Determines the presence of: 1) air entrainers, water-reducers, or retarders in concrete; 2) latex polymer modifiers in mortar and tile grout; 3) grinding aids in cement. If a reference standard can be supplied, a quantitative analysis can be performed.

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Admixture Water Reducer Organic

If a reference standard can be supplied, a quantitative analysis can be performed. Determines the presence of: 1) air entrainers, water-reducers, or superplasticizers in concrete; 2) latex polymer modifiers in mortar and tile grout; 3) grinding aids in cement.

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Analysis of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Samples and Natural Gypsum

Analysis of FGD byproducts is important to identify potential uses. Analysis of samples from different process locations can optimize process and troubleshoot problems.

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Analysis of Plaster or Gypsum for Purity

Determination of purity for food or medical applications.

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APHA 2540 B Total Solids Dried at 103-105 oC

To assess corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitability for use as concrete mix water.

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APHA 2540 C Total Dissolved Solids Dried at 180oC.

To assess corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitability for use as concrete mix water.

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APHA 4500Cl? (D) Chloride in Water

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Chloride content is needed for evaluation of use as a mix water and for the determination of corrosion potential.

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ASTM C 1017 Admixture Uniformity (Section 16,17 and 18)

Used to determine uniformity of admixture for use in producing flowing concrete. Used when a comparison to control or chemical specification is needed. Assists in determinations of set time issues in concrete.

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ASTM C 1084 Portland-Cement Content of Hardened Hydraulic - Cement Concrete

To assess adherence to mix design and aid in performance troubleshooting.

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ASTM C 114 Acid Soluble Chloride of Hydraulic Cement

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample.

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ASTM C 114 Acid Soluble Sulfate

Sulfate environments are aggressive toward some concretes. Sulfate in cement plays a critical role in setting and strength development.

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ASTM C 114 Chemical (Oxide) Analysis X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

Chemical analysis is required for comparison with specification limits for many materials. Chemical composition helps identify materials and is useful in analyzing distressed samples. XRF is qualified as an ASTM C 114 rapid method for portland cement.

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ASTM C 114 Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement - Acid Soluble Chloroform Organic

Determines, by solvent extraction, the amount of an organic contaminant (material) in or on a cementitious product. Determines contamination from lubrication of process or transfer equipment; can be applied to some grinding aids and some air entrainers.

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ASTM C 114 Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement (Free Calcium Oxide)

High levels of free lime in cement or fly ash can cause deleterious expansions in portland cement concretes.

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ASTM C 114 Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement Section 5: Insoluble Residue

High insoluble residue in portland cement may indicate contamination. ASTM C 150 specification limit is 0.75%.

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ASTM C 114 Determination of Sulfide Sulfur

Sulfides in soil or water are aggressive toward concrete. Sulfide contaminants in aggregates can cause staining.

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ASTM C 114 Loss on Ignition

Loss-on-ignition is performed prior to XRF analysis. -

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ASTM C 114 Loss on Ignition (Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement)

Loss-on-ignition is performed prior to XRF analysis. ASTM C114 sulfate or alternatively sulfide analysis is conducted on an as recieved and ignited sample. The loss-on ignition is then corrected based on the sulfate / sulfide content as directed in ASTM C114.

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ASTM C 114 Loss on Ignition (Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement)

Loss-on-ignition is performed prior to XRF analysis. ASTM C 114 sulfate or alternatively sulfide analysis is conducted on an as recieved and ignited sample. The loss-on ignition is then correctted based on the sulfate / sulfide content as directed in ASTM C114.

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ASTM C 114 Sulfate (ASTM C 114 Water Soluble Alkali Extraction)

Sulfate environments are aggressive toward some concretes. Sulfate in cement plays a critical role in setting and strength development. Extraction is usually conducted according to the ASTM C114 water alkali method.

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ASTM C 114 Total Alkali

Testing to meet alkali specification limits; investigations about exposure to various waters or solutions; alkali-aggregate reactivity.

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ASTM C 114 Water Soluble Alkali Content

Testing to meet alkali specification limits; investigations about exposure to various waters or solutions; alkali-aggregate reactivity.

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ASTM C 115 Standard Test Method for Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter

We no longer perform this test and recommend particle size analysis as an alternative. Fineness is only one of the many characteristics that influence the strength capabilities of cement.

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ASTM C 1152 Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample.

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ASTM C 117 Materials Finer Than 75-um (no. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

This test determines the amount of material finer than the No. 200 sieve by washing. Also referred to as ?Loss by Wash.?

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ASTM C 1218 Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample.

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ASTM C 123 Lightweight Particles in Aggregate (ZnBr)

Determination of percentage of lightweight particles (chert) in aggregate by means of sink-float separation in heavy liquid of up to 2.4 specific gravity. Potential deleterious aggregate.

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ASTM C 123 Lightweight Particles in Aggregate (ZnCl)

Determination of percentage of lightweight particles (coal and lignite) in aggregate by means of sink-float separation in heavy liquid of up to 2.0 specific gravity. Potential deleterious aggregate.

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ASTM C 1524 Standard Test method for Water-Extractable Chloride in Aggregate (Soxhlet Method)

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample. Soxhlet extraction is performed on non-pulverized sample.

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ASTM C 1556 Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficient

The apparent chloride diffusion coefficient is used to estimate chloride penetration into cementitious mixtures that are in a saturated condition. The calculation procedure described in C1556 is only applicable to specimens exposed to a sodium chloride solution as described in C1556, not to specimens exposed to chloride ions during cyclic wetting and drying.

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ASTM C 1565-04 Standard Test Method for Determination of PACK-Set Index of Portland Cement

Pack set index is a relative measure of flowability of dry powder and its tendency to settle into a solid, non-flowing state due to consolidation in storage or shipping. Also called "silo set."

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ASTM C 1580 Water Soluble Sulfate in Soil

Sulfate environments are aggressive toward some concretes.

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ASTM C 186 Heat of Hydration of Hydraulic Cement (1 Age)

Testing to meet optional specification limits in ASTM C 150.

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ASTM C 186 Test Method for Determination of Heat of Hydration

Testing to meet optional specification limits in ASTM C150, ASTM C595 and ASTM C 1157

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ASTM C 204 Blaine Cell Calibration

Calibration of Blaine cell apparatus for use in Blaine fineness determination.

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ASTM C 204 Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus

"Blaine" fineness is the most commonly used fineness test in the cement industry. It is sensitive to the finest particles and a general indicator of overall fineness. "Blaine" values are relative, not absolute, surface area values.

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ASTM C 204 Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus

"Blaine" fineness is the most commonly used fineness test in the cement industry. It is sensitive to the finest particles and a general indicator of overall fineness. "Blaine" values are relative, not absolute, surface area values.

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ASTM C 204 Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus

"Blaine" fineness is the most commonly used fineness test in the cement industry. It is sensitive to the finest particles and a general indicator of overall fineness. "Blaine" values are relative, not absolute, surface area values.

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ASTM C 233 Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete (ASTM C 233 Standard Test Methods for Air Entraining Admixtures for Concrete)

Used to determine uniformity of a liquid product. Used when a comparison to control or chemical specification is needed. Used to determine or report composition

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ASTM C 25 Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quick lime, and Hydrated Lime (SO3)

Sulfate environments are aggressive toward some concretes. Sulfate in cement plays a critical role in setting and strength development.

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ASTM C 25 Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime

1)?To determine if lime meets chemical specifications for masonry purposes. 2)?Monitoring and QA/QC requirements as specified in 40 CFR 98.194(c).

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ASTM C 25 Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime - (Available Lime)

Available lime index of high-calcium quicklime and hydrated lime designates those constituents that enter into the reaction under the conditions of this specified test, otherwise known as the ?rapid sugar method?.

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ASTM C 265 Water-Extractable Sulfate in Hydrated Hydraulic Cement Mortar

Determines compliance with specification of residual water soluble S03 after curing in a 22C water bath at 24 hours. ASTM C 265 allows the client to specify the curing age of 3 or 7 days in place of 24 hours to match the age of testing utilized in ASTM C 563. If other than 24 hours is required the client must specify the age required. This measurement is assumed to represent un-reacted, free calcium sulfate remaining in the mortar.

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ASTM C 289 Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method - Sample Preparation)

To prepare samples for testing in accordance with ASTM C 289.

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ASTM C 289 Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Aggregates (Chemical Method)

A rapid indication of potential alkali silica reactivity that should be used in conjunction with other tests or with history of the aggregate.

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ASTM C 311 Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete (Available Alkali)

Available Alkalies in Fly Ash

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ASTM C 430 Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-?m (No. 325) Sieve

Sieve residue provides a rough indication of cement mill grinding efficiency. The test is also commonly used as a measure of fineness for materials other than cement and is a requirement for ASTM C 618.

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ASTM C 471 Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Section 14 Acid Soluble SO3)

To determine the sulfate content in gypsum and gypsum related products.

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ASTM C 471 Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products (Section 15 Chlorides)

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample. Chloride in gypsum can have detrimental effects in uses.

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ASTM C 471M Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Gypsum and Gypsum Products - Section 10 (Silicon Dioxide and Other Acid Insoluble Matter)

Determine the amount of SiO2 and other insoluble matter.

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ASTM D 1208 Loss on Ignition

Loss on ignition on a previously dried 105 oC sample

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ASTM D 1644 Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes

This test method is applicable in the determination of the nonvolatile content to the nearest 0.1%. It can be used to calculate the volatile organic compound (VOC) content for applicable products.

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ASTM D 2369 Volatile Content of Coatings

This test method is applicable in the determination of the volatile content.

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ASTM D 281 Standard Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-out

This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption of pigments by the spatula rub out technique

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ASTM D 3042 Insoluble Residue in Carbonate Aggregate

Determines the acid insoluble residue in carbonate aggregate.

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ASTM D 3172 Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke

Evaluation of Coal

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ASTM D 4458 Chloride Ion in Water

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Chloride content is needed for evaluation of use as a mix water and for the determination of corrosion potential.

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ASTM D 5095 Determination of the Nonvolatile Content in Silanes, Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments

This test method is used to determine the nonvolatile content of silanes, siloxanes and silane-siloxane blended materials in masonry water-repellent treatments.

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ASTM D 512 Chloride Ion in Water

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Chloride content is needed for evaluation of use as a mix water and for the determination of corrosion potetential.

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ASTM D 512 Chloride Ion in Water

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Chloride content is needed for evaluation of use as a mix water and for the determination of corrosion potetential.

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ASTM D 806 Standard Test Method for Cement Content of Hardened Soil-Cement Mixtures

Cement content is a factor in assessing material performance, deterioration, or adherence to specifications.

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Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Flame

AAS analysis is best suited for determining low concentrations of metals such as trace heavy metals. Water samples can be quickly and accurately analyzed for many soluble elements. Alkalies in cement or aggregate are determined to high accuracy.

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Atomic Absorption Spectrometry - Graphite

AAS analysis is best suited for determining low concentrations of metals such as trace heavy metals. Water samples can be quickly and accurately analyzed for many soluble elements. Alkalies in cement or aggregate are determined to high accuracy.

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Calcium Carbonate Equivalent

This test is often written in specifications for mortar-lined pipe manufacture.

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California D.O.T. - 422 Testing Soils and Water for Chloride Content

Part 1. Is used to determine the chlorides content in water.

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California D.O.T. - 422 Testing Water and Soil for Chloride Content

Part 2. Is used to determine the chlorides content in soil.

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California DOT 417 Method of Testing Soils and Water for Sulfate Content

Sulfate environments are aggressive toward some concretes.

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Calorimetry by Conduction Calorimeter for Total Heat Evolution

Determines total heat produced (calories per gram) and rate of heat evolved (calories per gram per hour) for chemical reactions such as cement hydration. Can help solve cement hydration reaction problems which occur in the first 24 to 72 hours (low strengths, admixtures, setting times, admixture incompatability).

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Chemical (Oxide) Analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)

Chemical analysis is required for comparison with specification limits for many materials. Chemical composition helps identify materials and is useful in analyzing distressed samples. XRF is qualified as an ASTM C 114 rapid method for portland cement.

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Chemical Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Identify the chemical composition of organic compounds used on construction jobs as part of an investigation to determine why materials did not perform as expected.

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Chemical Analysis to Determine the Presence and / or Amount of Intregral Water Proofing Agents

Is used to determine if an intregal water proofing agent was added. Testing can be designed to determine relative amounts of product added for quantification.

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Chloride - Water Soluble of Hydraulic Cement

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion.

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Clinker Burnability and Alkali Volatility Test

To determine the efficiency of chemical combination of raw mix components and/or to determine alkali loss in the clinkering process. Modified FLS method is used, in conjunction with chemical and Microscopic analysis.

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Coal & Coke Ash Analysis

To deterrmine the mineral composition of whole coal and ash. Inlcudes Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, S, Na, K, Ti, P and Cl in whole coal. Ash analysis includes SI, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, S, Na, K, Ti, P, Mn, Sr, Cr, and Zn. % LOI and ash content. Moisture, Btu value and total carbon. Hardgorve index for grindability

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Coal & Petroleum Coke Thermal Analysis

"Short" prox analysis , i. e. determination of moisture, volatiles, "fixed" carbon and ash content of fuels by TGA. "Low" Calorific value, and "Onset Temperature in C" by DSC.

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CSA A23.2-2B Determination of Sulphate Ion Content in Groundwater

Sulphate environments are aggressive toward some concretes.

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CSA A23.2-3B Determination of Total or Water Soluble Sulphate Content of Soil

Sulphate environments are aggressive toward some concretes.

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CSA A3003 Chemical (Oxide) Analysis X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)

Chemical analysis is required for comparison with specification limits for many materials. Chemical composition helps identify materials and is useful in analyzing distressed samples. XRF is qualified in accordance with CSA A3003 / ASTM C 114 rapid methods.

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CSA A3003 Chemical Test Methods for Cementitious Materials for Use in Concrete and Masonry (Clause 12.2)

Sulphate environments are aggressive toward some concretes. Sulphate in cement plays a critical role in setting and strength development.

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CSA A3003 Chemical Test Methods for Cementitious Materials for Use in Concrete and Masonry (Clause 8)

High insoluble residue in portland cement may indicate contamination. CSA A3001 limits for Portland Cement types GU and HE are 1.5%, other CSA Portland cements have a limit of 0.75% as does the Portland Cements specified in ASTM C 150. Slag containing blended cements and supplementary cementing materials also require the insoluble residue test be conducted to prove compliance with CSA A3001.

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CSA A3003 Chemical Test Methods for Cementitious Materials for Use in Concrete and Masonry (Clause 9)

Loss-on-ignition is performed prior to XRF analysis.

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CSA A3004-A3 Test Method for the Determination of Fineness by Wet Sieving

Sieve residue provides a rough indication of cement mill grinding efficiency. The test is also commonly used as a measure of fineness for materials other than cement and is a requirement for ASTM C 618.

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CSA A3004-B7 Test Method for Determination of Heat of Hydration

Testing to meet optional specification limits in CSA A3001

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CSA A3004-B7 Test Method for Determination of Heat of Hydration

Testing to meet optional specification limits in CSA A3001

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CTLGroup - Batch Grinding in 40 Pound Mill

Reduction to fine powder to produce products such as portland cement, pulverized limestone, ground slag.

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CTLGroup - Hexavalent Chromium EPA 1311 Digestion

Determines the hexavalent chromium content in a sample following TCLP (EPA 1311) extraction. The selection of which extraction is performed can assist the user in determining the total amount of hexavalent chromium in a sample, the potential worker exposure or the potential for leachability. The presence and amount of hexavalent chromium in cement by RCRA (Resources Carbonation Recovery Act).

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CTLGroup - Hexavalent Chromium EPA 3060 Digestion

Determines the hexavalent chromium content in a sample following an alkaline (EPA 3060) extraction. The selection of which extraction is performed can assist the user in determining the total amount of hexavalent chromium in a sample, the potential worker exposure or the potential for leachability. The presence and amount of hexavalent chromium in cement by RCRA (Resources Carbonation Recovery Act).

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CTLGroup - Hexavalent Chromium Water Digestion

Determines the hexavalent chromium content in a sample following a water extraction. The selection of which extraction is performed can assist the user in determining the total amount of hexavalent chromium in a sample, the potential worker exposure or the potential for leachability. The presence and amount of hexavalent chromium in cement by RCRA (Resources Carbonation Recovery Act).

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CTLGroup Batch Grinding in 8 Pound Mill

Reduction to fine powder to produce products such as portland cement, pulverized limestone, ground slags.

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CTLGroup XRF Scan

Wide range elemental scan to determine the elements present in the sample

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Determination of Acid Insoluble Silica by Gravimetric / AAS

Determine percent of acid-insoluble silica in solid samples such as rocks or industrial products.

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Determination of Calcium Chloride Content Chemical Accelerator

Calcium chloride is added as a concrete accelerator. Test can measure if chloride was added . The results can be used to calculate the amount of calcium chloride present in the sample or by weight percent of the cement content. Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample. Tests taken at different levels or areas can be helpful in determining if chloride was added in the mix or if the sample was exposed to chloride salts.

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Determination of Chloride Content of Chemical Admixtures

Chloride content of chemical admixtures are needed to assist mix design in concretes that require a limited chloride content. Chloride results can exhibit an admixture does not contain chlorides. Some admixtures have calcium chloride, the results can be used to provide quality control of chloride content.

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Determination of Crystalline Silica - Standard Addition by X-ray Diffraction

Determine percent of crystalline silica (alpha-quartz and / or cristobalite) cement and related materials. Crystalline silica is (listed by OSHA as) a I-A carcinogen.

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Determination of Crystalline Silica by Quantitative X-ray Diffraction

Determine percent of crystalline silica in cement products. Crystalline silica is (listed by OSHA as) a I-A carcinogen.

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Determination of Total Sulfur by LECO Induction Furnace

Determine the total amount of sulfur regardless of valence or form.

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Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis (DSC)

Analysis involves determination of endothermic and exothermic effects related to chemical and physical transitions that occur as a sample is heated or cooled. Applications include glass transition temperature determination, crystalline structure analysis, hydration products, determination of volatile organic matter in cement raw materials (possible emission problems), and evaluation of alternative raw materials for cement manufacturing.

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EN 480-10 Water Soluble Chloride

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion.

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EN 480-12 Total Alkali Content

Testing to meet alkali specification limits; investigations about exposure to various waters or solutions; alkali-aggregate reactivity.

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EPA 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP Trace Heavy Metals )

For evaluation of leachability of toxic metals. To determine compliance to environmental regulations.

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EPA 3010 - Total Heavy Metals by AAS Flame and Graphite Furnace

For evaluation of trace elements, especially environmentally regulated elements.

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EPA 7473 Mercury in Solids and Solutions by Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamatiion, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

For evaluation of mercury.

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EPRI B3 Available Lime Index

Available lime index of high-calcium quicklime and hydrated lime designates those constituents that enter into the reaction under the conditions of this specified test, otherwise known as the ?rapid sugar method?.

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EPRI B6 Limestone Grindability and Calculation of Bond Work Index (CS-3612 Voliume 2 Revision 1 1988)

Determine Bond Grindability Index to help in grinding circuit design and problem solving.

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EPRI L4 Sulfate/Total Sulfur Analysis by Gravimetric Method (CS-3612 Volume 2 Revision 1 1988)

The acid insoluble inerts may be determined as a portion of the complete sulfur analysis. This test in its completion is used to determine the total sulfur as sulfate in in FGD Liquors and solids. It is more suitable to solid samples as the liquid samples often contain interferences. Sulfate values in liquid samples may be used by the species distribution model (FGDLIQEQ) to calculate sulfur dioxide partial pressure and gypsum relative to saturation. Sulfate values for solids may be used to calculate reagent utilization and oxidation fraction.

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EPRI L4 Sulfate/Total Sulfur Analysis by Gravimetric Method (Section 12 -Inerts CS-3612 Volume 2 revision 1 1988)

The acid insoluble inerts may be determined as a portion of the complete sulfur analysis. This test in its completion is used to determine the total sulfur as sulfate in in FGD Liquors and solids. It is more suitable to solid samples as the liquid samples often contain interferences. Sulfate values in liquid samples may be used by the species distribution model (FGDLIQEQ) to calculate sulfur dioxide partial pressure and gypsum relative to saturation. Sulfate values for solids may be used to calculate reagent utilization and oxidation fraction.

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EPRI M2 Sulfite Analysis in Scrubber Liquors and Slurry Solids by Iodine-Thiosulfate Titration (CS-3612 Volume 2 Revision 1 1988)

Evaluate residual sulfite in FGD gypsum. Sulfite determinations in liquid samples may be used by the species distribution model (FGDLIQEQ) to calculate relative saturation, sulfur dioxide partial pressure and dissolved alkalinity. The sulfite concentration in reactive slurries can change relatively quickly by oxidation to sulfate or by evoltion of SO3.Either process will cause the results to be biased low. Field studies show this reduction at levels of sixty percent after standing for twenty minutes and over seventy-three percent after standing for six hours.

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Federal Specification for Water-Repellent, Colorless Silicone Resin Base

Products tested to meet acceptance criteria of not more than 1% absorption.

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Fluoride by Ion Specific Electrode

Kiln buildups and blockage problems in suspension preheaters may be caused by high fluoride levels in raw mix.

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Free Moisture Content

Free moisture, combined water, and carbonate can be determined by thermogravimetry (TGA).

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Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP)

ICP analysis is best suited for determining low concentrations of metals such as trace heavy metals. Water samples can be quickly and accurately analyzed for many soluble elements. Alkalies in cement or aggregate are determined to high accuracy.

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NCHRP Report 244 - Series II Water Absorption, Water Vapor Transmission and Chloride Intrusion

For acceptance testing of materials applied to concrete, mortar and masonry.

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NCHRP Report 244 - Series IV Southern Exposure (non-reinforced)

For acceptance testing of materials applied to concrete, mortar and masonry.

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North Carolina Chemical Procedure #C-20.0 Determination of Nitrite in Hardened Concrete.

To determine if an accelerating admixture containing nitrite is present in a sample.

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Particle Size Distribution (PSD) by Malvern Mastersizer 2000-Dry Dispersion

PSD is important to material performance properties such as workability, strength gain, and water demand of cement. PSD is also important in transportation/conveying systems and to monitor grinding efficiency.

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Particle Size Distribution (PSD) by Malvern Mastersizer 2000-Wet Dispersion in Alcohol

PSD is important to material performance properties such as workability, strength gain, and water demand of cement. PSD is also important in transportation/conveying systems and to monitor grinding efficiency.

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Particle Size Distribution (PSD) by Malvern Mastersizer 2000-Wet Dispersion in DI Water

PSD is important to material performance properties such as workability, strength gain, and water demand of cement. PSD is also important in transportation/conveying systems and to monitor grinding efficiency.

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Particle Size Distribution (PSD) of Ultra Fine Powders by Malvern Mastersizer 2000-Wet Dispersion

PSD is important to material performance properties such as workability, strength gain, and water demand of cement. PSD is also important in transportation/conveying systems and to monitor grinding efficiency.

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pH APHA 4500H+

To access corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitablility for use as concrete mix water.

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pH, California DOT 643

To access corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs. To determine suitablility for use as concrete mix water.

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Polymer (Latex) Identification in Concrete and Mortar

Confirmation of the presence or absence of a polymer additive

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Potassium Hydroxide Extractable Alumina

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Pyritic Sulfur

Determines % S as S03

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Quantification of Polymer (Latex) in concrete or mortar Polymer by Infrared Spectroscopy

Confirmation of the presence or absence of a polymer additive. Quantification of polymer is reported after a chemical digestion of the sample and loss on ignition.

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Sample Preparation

Prepare samples to required particle sizes for analysis or testing.

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Sieve Analysis

Sieve residue provides a rough indication of cement mill grinding efficiency. The test is also commonly used as a measure of fineness for materials other than cement and is required for ASTM C 618.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Admixtures / Additives in Hardened Cement Products

If a reference standard can be supplied, a quantitative analysis can be performed. Determines the presence of: 1) air entrainers, water-reducers, or retarders in concrete; 2) latex polymer modifiers in mortar and tile grout; 3) grinding aids in cement.

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SPLP Extraction

Specimens are extracted with extraction fluids prepared by adjusting the pH value specified in EPA 1312.with a sulfuric acid / nitric acid (60/40 weight percent mixture) H2SO4/HNO3. Solution can them be analyzed for arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, silver, selenium, beryllium, antimony, nickel and thallium.

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Sulfate Form and Content by Thermal Analysis (DSC)

Sulfate form is important for understanding the causes of poor cement performance including setting (false set, flash set), workability problems, silo set, lumping, and poor cement flowability.

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TCLP Extraction

Provides acetic acid extraction solution TCLP for evaluation of leachability of toxic metals. Solution can them be analyzed for arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, silver, selenium, beryllium, antimony, nickel and thallium.

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TCP INDIVIDUAL METALS - ASTM F1088

For evaluation of trace elements.

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TGA Inorganic Carbon Determination

Determination of inorganic carbon content in percent of the initial mass is important when dealing with the potentials of Total Hydrocarbon (THC) emissions in the kiln. Mettler TGA can accommodate samples up to 250 mg.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis - "Fixed" Carbon Determination DSC/TGA

Determination of "fixed" carbon content as a percent of the initial mass is important when predicting carbon monoxide emissions.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis (Leco Analyzer)

Determination of volatile content in percent of the initial mass is important when dealing with decomposition reactions of unknown samples. TGA is applied in analysis of some mixtures, soils, and coals (ash content). LECO TGA can utilize up to 5 grams of sample. Alternate test uses a Mettler TGA can accommodate samples up to 250 mg.

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Thermogravimetric Analysis (Mettler TGA Analyzer)-Basic TGA in nitrogen

Determination of volatile content in percent of the initial mass is important when dealing with decomposition reactions of unknown samples. TGA is applied in analysis of some mixtures, soils, and coals (ash content). The Mettler TGA can accommodate samples up to 250 mg.

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Total Oxidative Sulfur

Determine the total amount of sulfur regardless of valence or form.

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True Powder Density by Helium Pycnometer (in place of ASTM C 188 and CSA A3004-A2)

True density (specific gravity) is needed to produce accurate data from analysis such as particle size distribution or "Blaine" fineness for materials other than ordinary portland cement. Density is also a part of ASTM C 618 testing.

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Unit Weight

To determine the unit weight of concrete in pounds per cubic foot

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USP 231 - TCP Heavy Metals

For evaluation of trace elements.

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Water Analysis - Corrosion Potential

To assess corrosion potential of water in contact with concrete pipe or slabs.

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Water Soluble Chromium Extraction

Selection of extraction technique is vital to evaluating the hexavalent chromium content of a material. Water soluble is used when esimating the amount of hexavalent chormium exposure to workers.

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Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete Soxhlet ACI 222.1

Specification limits in concrete are intended to minimize rebar corrosion. Penetration of deicer salt and seawater can be assessed by profiling chloride concentration at various positions in the sample. Soxhlet extraction is performed on non-pulverized sample.

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X-Ray Diffraction Identification of Phases - Known Materials

XRD is used to identify substances based on their crystalline atomic structures. Often useful in assessing causes of deteriorated concrete and troubleshooting cement performance.

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X-ray Diffraction Identification of Phases - Unknown Materials

XRD is used to identify substances based on their crystalline atomic structures. Often useful in assessing causes of deteriorated concrete and troubleshooting cement performance.

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XRF Cement Content

Determines the mass percentage of constituents in a mixture using representative samples of raw ingredients. Can be dry powder mixes, hydrated materials, concrete, mortar

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