Precooling Mass Concrete
In this Concrete Construction article, John Gajda discusses the use of liquid nitrogen to cool concrete for the massive foundations of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
Many new concrete structures are designed to include long spans and carry heavy loads. The sizes of the necessary components—drilled shafts, foundations, footings, and columns — often push the envelope of standard construction practices. A greater emphasis on durability also has led to higher cementitious material contents, lower water-to-cementitious-material ratios, and deeper cover over reinforcing steel. These requirements have resulted in more concrete placements that are subject to high internal temperatures.
John Gajda, Principal Engineer in Building Science & Sustainability at CTLGroup, co-authored this August 2005 Concrete Construction article with Alfred Kaufman and Francisco Sumodjo.
Source: Concrete Construction
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- Precooling Mass Concrete with Liquid Nitrogen
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June 1, 2005 - Great Thickness Requires Great Lengths
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